Objective To study the relationship between the onset of lumbar compression fractures with age and TCM syndromes in osteoporosis patients. Methods 800 patients diagnosed as osteoporosis aged between 55 and 85 were grouped into liver and kidney deficiency syndrome,spleen and kidney deficiency syndrome,and spleen and kidney deficiency syndrome; those primary osteroposis patients with height lose≥3 cm were given L1-L4 lumbar vertebral bone mineral density BMD value measurement（ France MEDILINK dual light energy Xray absorptiometry,DEXA）,combined with X-ray Genant semi-quantitative method to measure the lumbar L1 ,L4 anterior vertebral height and projection area and determine the incidence of lumbar compression fracture. Results Among 800 cases of elderly osteoporosis with height lose≥3 cm,the incidence of lumbar compression fracture was 81. 5%. In fracture patients,the fracture incidence was increased with ages as it was 10. 58% in 55-65 year-old group,27. 24% in 66-75 year-old group,and 61. 38% in 76-85 year-old group. Syndrome of spleen and kidney deficiency accompanied with blood stasis had the highest incidence of it of 69. 79%,much higher than that of syndrome of liver and kidney deficiency（ 6. 55%） and syndrome of spleen and kidney deficiency（ 19. 31%）; and the differences were statistically significant（ P ,<,0. 01）. Conclusion The incidence of lumbar compression fracture in patients with primary osteoporosis is increased with ages,syndrome of spleen and kidney deficiency with blood stasis has the highest fracture rate among three TCM syndromes.