Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of TCM comprehensive therapy with internal and external methods in treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy with Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome and its effect on serum IGF-1 and BNDF in order to explore its possible mechanism.Methods 72 cases of diabetic peripheral neuropathy with Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome were randomly divided into treatment group and control group with 36 cases in each group.At the same time of basic treatment of Western medicine,the treatment group was also treated with internal taking of Chinese herbal medicine combined with herbal fumigation and acupuncture,while the control group was treated with Chinese herbal medicine only all for three months.The total clinical effective rate,TCM syndrome score,Toronto clinical score, nerve conduction velocity and serum levels of IGF-1 and BNDF were observed before and after treatment.Results The total clinical effective rate was 91.1 % in the treatment group and 82.8 % in the control group.The curative effect of the treatment group was better than that of the control group（P<0.05）.After treatment,the median nerve, sural nerve and tibial nerve conduction velocity in the treatment group were better than those in the control group（P<0.05）,and the expression of serum IGF-1 and BNDF in the treatment group was better than that in the control group（P<0.05）.There were no obvious adverse reactions,and liver and kidney function damage during the treatment.Conclusion TCM comprehensive therapy of internal and external treatment can significantly improve the clinical symptoms, neuropathy score and nerve conduction velocity of patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and its mechanism may be related to the increase of serum IGF-1 and BNDF expression.