Objective To observe the effect of Baduanjin exercise of Daoyin on cognitive function and activity of daily living of maintenance hemodialysis（MHD） patients.Methods From May 2017 to June 2017, 97 MHD patients in Beijing Shijitan Hospital affiliated to the Capital Medical University were randomly divided into exercise group and control group, and of them,86 patients completed the experiment.The control group did not take any intervention measures, while the exercise group had an intervention of Baduanjin exercise for 12 months.The cognitive function was assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment（MoCA） and Activity of Daily Life Scale（ADL）, including Physical Self-maintenance Scale（PSMS） and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale（IADL）, were used to assess activities of daily living.The adverse reactions during the intervention were recorded.Results After 12 months, MOCA score of the exercise group was higher than that before intervention（P<0.05）.After 12 months, ADL score, PSMS score and IADL score in the exercise group were lower than those before the intervention（P<0.05）, while ADL score, PSMS score and IADL score in the control group were higher than those before the intervention（P<0.05）; ADL score and PSMS score in the exercise group were lower than those in the control group（P<0.05）.Conclusion Baduanjin exercise of Daoyin can improve the cognitive function of MHD patients and improve their daily living ability with high safety.