Objective To observe the improvement of Yisui Granules for anemia and related symptoms in patients with low-and intermediate-risk type Ⅰ myelodysplastic syndromes（ MDS）.Methods With randomized double-blind,placebo-controlled research method,48 patients with low-and intermediate-risk type Ⅰ MDS were randomly divided into treatment group and control group,with 24 cases in each group.The treatment group was treated with Yisui Granules,1 bag/time,2 times/d,together with the basic western medicine treatment; the control group was treated with the placebo together with the western medicine basic treatment,1 bag/time,2 times/d,continuous treatment for 8 weeks.After the treatment,short-term efficacy indicators,including blood routine,anemia related symptoms and fatigue degree before and after the treatment were analyzed.Results After the treatment,the hemoglobin level of the treatment group was increased in comparison with that before the treatment,and was also significantly higher than that of the control group（ all P < 0.05）.After the treatment,the total effective rate of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group（ P <0.01）,and the clinical symptoms scores of the treatment group were lower than those before the treatment and the control group（ P <0.001 or P < 0.05）.After the treatment,the symptom of dizziness in the treatment group was better than that before the treatment,the symptoms of shortness of breath,fatigue,dizziness,and numbness in the treatment group were better than those in the control group（ P < 0.01 or P < 0.05）.After the treatment,the total effective rate of fatigue in the treatment group was higher that of the control group and also lower than that before the treatment（ all P < 0.01）.Conclusion Yisui Granules can increase the hemoglobin level of patients with low-and intermediate-risk type Ⅰ MDS,and improve the patients’ symptoms and fatigue.