Upper urinary tract calculi are a common clinical condition with a high recurrence rate， categorized as "urolithic stranguria" in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. Professor Shi Zaixiang believes the pathogenesis of this disease involves dampness-heat in the lower energizer， qi stagnation， and blood stasis， which result in the formation of stones. In clinical practice， emphasis should be placed on distinguishing the patient's imbalances in qi， blood， yin-yang， and the movements of ascent and descent. The basic principles of treatment include clearing heat and dampness， promoting the flow of qi and blood， relieving stranguria， and expelling stones. Supplementary treatments involve cooling the blood to stop bleeding， nurturing yin and warming yang， and transforming qi to resolve water retention. Based on years of experience， Professor Shi Zaixiang developed the Sijin Paishi Decoction and has applied this formula to treat upper urinary tract calculi with significant clinical efficacy.