Objective To explore the mechanism of Radix saposhnikoviae in treating stroke of attack of collateral based on mining the rules in ancient TCM prescriptions.Methods TCM prescriptions for stroke of attack of collateral were retrieved in China Prescription Database of the Institute on Information of Traditional Chinese Medicine,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from 10 June 2019 to 15 June 2019. Stroke target information came from GeneCards database. The highest frequency herbs were selected and submitted to BATMAN-TCM system to make system biology analysis by mining the prescription database using frequency analysis. Results The frequency of Radix saposhnikoviae was the highest among the drugs for stroke of attack of collateral. So Radix saposhnikoviae was used for prediction in system biology. The result suggested that 28 components of Radix saposhnikoviae could act on a total of 153 target in treating stroke of attack of collateral, and the key targets were concentrated on SCN and CHRNA. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the main function of them was to regulate ion channel or neuroligand activity. Conclusion Radix saposhnikoviae can affect neuronal voltage gating by regulating ion channels to achieve nerve repair; or by regulating the activity of cholinergic receptors, to impact the nerve immune function and delay the process of brain injury.