Objective To explore the distribution rules of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）syndromes in patients with chronic kidney disease（CKD）and mild cognitive impairment（MCI）and their relationship with various cognitive functions.Methods The clinical data of 139 outpatients and inpatients from the Department of Nephrology of Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from May 2017 to December 2018 and TCM syndromes of them were collected.And the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale（MoCA）Chinese version was used to assess the cognitive functions which were compared with TCM syndromes.Results The distribution of TCM syndromes: syndrome of qi and blood deficiency> syndrome of blood stasis obstructing collaterals of brain> syndrome of dampness and turbidity damaging clearness> deficiency of kidney essence.The abstract score and language score of patients with deficiency of qi and blood were the lowest（Z=-2.046, P=0.041; Z=-2.108, P=0.035）.Conclusion CKD patients complicated with MCI have the highest proportion of deficiency of both qi and blood, and patients with this syndrome are more likely to suffer from impairment of abstract function and language function.