Objective To observe the effect of Wenshen Jianpi Tiaoshu Recipe on the expression of GFAP and BDNF in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome（IBS-D）rats with spleen and kidney Yang deficiency, and to explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of this recipe on IBS-D from the experimental point of view.Methods 72 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: normal group（NG）,model group（MG）,Chinese medicine treatment group（WHG,WMG,WLG）and the control group（CG）,12 in each group.Apart from NG,the IBS-D rat model with spleen and kidney Yang deficiency in other groups were established with the method of avoiding water stress + senna leaf gavage.At the end of the modelling, Chinese medicine treatment groups were given high, medium and low doses of Wenshen Jianpi Tiaoshu Recipe, CG was gavaged with pinaverium bromide and MG and NG were given equal volume of normal saline by intragastric administration respectively, all for 10 days.The number of defecation pellets, visceral sensitivity and histopathology were observed.The expression of GFAP and BDNF in colon tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results At the end of treatment, the number of defecation pellets of WHG,CG and WMG was significantly less than that of MG（P<0.01）,and WHG was less than CG（P<0.05）; The abdominal wall withdrawal reflex（AWR）scores of rats in each group at 60 and 80 mmHg showed difference, the AWR score of each treatment group was lower than MG（P<0.05）,and WHG of treatment group was lower than that of CG（P<0.05）and WHG was less than CG（P<0.05）;Mild edema was observed in MG and WLG mucosa by histopathology; GFAP expression of all treatment group was lower than that of MG（P< 0.05）,and WHG was lower than CG（P<0.05）; BDNF expression in WHG,WMG and CG colon tissue was lower than that in MG（P<0.05）,and WHG was lower than CG（P<0.05）.Conclusion Wenshen Jianpi Tiaoshu Recipe can reduce defecation pellets number and reduce visceral sensitivity in IBS-D rats.Its therapeutic mechanism may be reducing visceral sensitivity through affecting the expression of GFAP and BDNF in colon tissue.