Professor LI Hao asserts that the etiology and pathogenesis of refractory insomnia are complex and often associated with systemic and multisystem diseases involving multiple zangfu organs， including the heart， liver， spleen-stomach， and kidney. He identifies "phlegm" and "fire" as the most common pathogenic factors in refractory insomnia accompanied by emotional disorders， with "disharmony between the liver and spleen" serving as the underlying pathological mechanism throughout the disease course. He proposes a treatment theory for refractory insomnia with emotional disorders from the perspective of the liver and spleen and is proficient in combining classical and contemporary prescriptions， as well as the skilled use of herbal pairs. Additionally， he emphasizes managing emotional factors and advocates a comprehensive， stage-based therapeutic approach： in the early stage， focusing on soothing liver

qi

， resolving phlegm and stasis， and cl

earing pathogenic heat； in the middle stage， nourishing the mind and spirit， regulating the spleen and stomach， and benefiting the liver and kidney； and in the late stage， harmonizing the liver， regulating the spleen， nourishing the heart， and calming the spirit to support healthy

qi

.